The History of Bagels: From Tradition to Trend

The bagel, that beloved ring-shaped bread, has traveled a long journey through time and geography to become a staple in Jewish cuisine and a favorite breakfast item worldwide. Its story is as rich as its flavor, steeped in tradition and innovation.

Bagels in Jewish History

The origins of the bagel can be traced back to Jewish communities in Eastern Europe, particularly Poland, during the early 17th century. The first written mention of bagels appears in 1610, in the Community Regulations of Krakow, where bagels were noted as a gift to be given to women after childbirth. This suggests their symbolic association with fertility, continuity, and life—qualities reflected in the bagel’s circular shape, representing eternity and unity.

The bagel’s rise in Jewish communities can also be attributed to practical reasons. Its dense, chewy texture allowed it to stay fresh longer, making it a practical food for working-class families. Additionally, the dough was boiled before being baked, creating a crust that preserved the bread's moisture and made it easy to transport.

The Bagel Comes to America

Jewish immigrants brought the bagel to America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, settling in cities like New York, where bagel-making became a thriving industry. Bagel bakers often belonged to powerful unions, such as the Bagel Bakers Local 338, which dominated production in New York City during the mid-20th century. These bakers adhered to traditional methods, hand-rolling and boiling each bagel before baking them in wood-fired ovens.

By the 1960s, bagels had begun to expand beyond Jewish enclaves, thanks in part to mass production and marketing innovations. The Lender’s Bagels company, founded in 1927, played a major role in popularizing bagels across America by introducing frozen bagels that could be easily transported and stored.

Bagels Today: A Global Phenomenon

Today, bagels have become a global food phenomenon, appearing on menus from Montreal to Tokyo. While traditional flavors like plain, sesame, and poppy seed remain popular, modern variations include everything from rainbow bagels to flavors like jalapeño-cheddar and chocolate chip. The “everything bagel,” with its signature mix of seeds, salt, and garlic, is a contemporary favorite.

Beyond flavor innovation, bagels have taken on new roles in global cuisine. Sandwiches, pizza bagels, and bagel breakfast sandwiches have all emerged, showcasing the bagel's versatility. Meanwhile, artisanal bakeries and bagel shops have revived interest in traditional techniques, offering hand-rolled, boiled, and hearth-baked bagels that honor their origins.

A Symbol of Resilience and Community

The bagel’s enduring popularity is a testament to its universal appeal and its deep roots in Jewish history and culture. For Jewish communities, it remains a symbol of resilience, adaptability, and connection. Whether served with lox and cream cheese at a family brunch, or enjoyed simply with butter, the bagel carries with it a story of tradition, migration, and creativity.

Next time you savor a bagel, take a moment to appreciate the journey it’s taken—from Krakow to your plate—and the rich history baked into every bite.

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Statement About the JCA’s Refugee Resettlement & Newcomer Services (RRNS) Program

September 19, 2025

In Fall 2021, the JCA was thrilled to become a HIAS affiliate in refugee resettlement work. Over the last four years, this area of our organization has expanded more than we ever could have imagined: our Refugee Resettlement & Newcomer Services (RRNS) staff grew to 18 dedicated individuals, welcoming a total of 571 people from 24 countries to Maine. This work includes meeting newcomers at the airport, getting them settled into temporary and then permanent housing, providing stipends for essential expenses like groceries and rent, and helping them adjust to life in the United States through cultural orientations, assistance with medical appointments, enrolling children in school, employment searches, and so much more. Under the federal resettlement program, refugees are entitled to up to five years of services after their arrival. And so, it is with deep devastation and disappointment that we share a very difficult decision made by the JCA’s Board of Directors to pause federally-funded refugee work at the end of the federal fiscal year, on Sept. 30, 2025. The JCA Board, with input from staff, has spent many hours discussing our RRNS program over the last year. We pushed ahead more than once, taking financial risks for the organization to continue providing vital services. We’ve done this because we value this work as part of our mission and Jewish values. We respect and honor the time and energy the RRNS staff has put into their work for the last four years. And we recognize the significant needs of the RRNS clients as they continue to settle into their new homes in Maine. However, in the current political climate with massive grant cuts and unexpected changes to programs and decisions, it is not viable for us to take on further, substantial financial risks to run this program. The JCA is many things and provides such an array of valuable and important services and programs to so many different people. We cannot knowingly agree to put the organization in financial jeopardy for the sake of one program or service area, no matter how much we value it. Over the last couple of months, our focus has been on helping both RRNS clients and staff be in the best position possible when September 30 arrives. In addition to the services we have continued to offer clients, we have been supporting staff as they look for their next roles and balance their ongoing work with their own well-being. We’re truly sorry and heartbroken to be in this position. And yet, in hard times, we are always amazed by our wonderful community. Through the incredible generosity of a small group of transformational donors, the modest bright light we can share today is that we will be able to fund three RRNS staff positions privately in the next year. This will allow the JCA to continue to offer intensive case management services to many of the clients in continued need of care, as well as group programming. One position will include a caseload of clients who are experiencing significant barriers to self-sufficiency and need additional case management support to gain independence. Another position will offer case management to our most vulnerable Ukrainian clients, and the third position will directly serve our most vulnerable Afghan clients. We will also continue to identify ways we may be able to serve this population through other JFS programming in the months and years ahead. The Board and leadership of the JCA are so proud and forever grateful for the incredible, selfless, and humanistic work of the RRNS staff, especially over these tumultuous past 10 months. We very much hope that one day the JCA can open our doors to this work more fully again, when the funding streams and federal partnerships required are more stable and welcoming of refugee populations. Please join us in gratitude for our departing staff, and support new Mainers in any way you are able.

Event Recap: The First Annual Jewish-Asian Friendship Dinner

September 10, 2025

The JCA’s First Annual Jewish-Asian Friendship Dinner was a resounding success! On August 21, a sold-out crowd of 150 people representing both the Jewish and Asian communities gathered at the Jewish Community Alliance of Southern Maine. We began the night by blessing a “red onion curry challah” specially created by John Rudoy from Exile Bakery for the event. We then recognized all the organizations present: the Maine Jewish Museum, Chinese-American Friendship Association of Maine, Watt Samaki Buddhist Temple, Khmer Maine, the Maine Asian-American Community Center, and the Filipino-American Samahan of Maine.

What's New in Jewish News This Week

August 22, 2025

Important Note: The following articles do not represent an official position of the JCA, and are deliberately intended to mirror the wide range of diverse perspectives within Southern Maine’s Jewish community. Our goal is to deliver interesting news, reliable sources, and important perspectives on major Jewish issues. In IDF-controlled Rafah, an armed clan’s school plants seeds of a Hamas-free future (The Times of Israel) - The Palestinian Abu Shabab gang claims to have carved out an area where it is providing electricity, medical care and education for thousands of displaced Gazans under IDF protection. The school eschews Palestinian Authority textbooks previously prevalent in Gaza, with teachers apparently recruited from among displaced Palestinians living in a part of Gaza controlled by the Israel Defense Forces and appears to educate pupils along progressive ideas of pluralism and tolerance. “We want to create a generation of learners, not terrorists,” said Mohammed, a senior member of Abu Shabab’s forces, in a phone interview with The Times of Israel. Both initiatives appear to address longstanding Israeli concerns regarding Palestinian education, which critics say includes content that incites against Israelis and Jews, perpetuating narratives that fuel distrust and conflict rather than coexistence. After decades of conflict, Armenia-Azerbaijan peace plan gives Caucasus Jews new hope (Jewish Telegraphic Agency) - Two former Soviet republics that have been sworn enemies ever since the breakup of the USSR are suddenly on the verge of making peace. Since even before their independence in 1991, predominantly Christian, landlocked Armenia and mostly Muslim, oil-rich Azerbaijan have fought many wars over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region and accused each other of human rights abuses, ethnic cleansing — even genocide. But now, their leaders say they have decided to bury the hatchet — and Jews in both countries could benefit. Israel opens new embassy in Zambia, once home to a historic Jewish community (Jewish Telegraphic Agency) - Israel has opened an embassy in Zambia, more than half a century after it was shuttered following the Yom Kippur war and as the African nation’s Jewish population has dwindled to near zero. Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Sa’ar and Zambian Foreign Minister Mulambo Haimbe opened the embassy together on Wednesday. “It’s an honor to be in Lusaka for the opening of Israel’s embassy,” Sa’ar tweeted, adding that the two countries were “enhancing our partnership in agriculture, health and much more.” 80 Modern Orthodox rabbis call for ‘moral clarity’ in the face of Gaza humanitarian crisis (The Times of Israel) - Dozens of Orthodox rabbis have issued “A Call for Moral Clarity, Responsibility, and a Jewish Orthodox Response in the Face of the Gaza Humanitarian Crisis,” in an addition to a recent cascade of open letters from Jewish voices responding to a hunger crisis in the Palestinian enclave nearly two years into the Israel-Hamas war. Unlike some of the other letters, the new letter stresses condemnation of Hamas and does not call for Israel to end the war in Gaza. Instead, the rabbis write, “Hamas’s sins and crimes do not relieve the government of Israel of its obligations to make whatever efforts are necessary to prevent mass starvation." The Orthodox rabbis also lament the ascendance of extremist voices in Israel, the hardening of sentiments about Palestinians, and the explosion of settler violence in the West Bank — which they refer to using the Hebrew name for the region that conveys a historic Jewish connection to the land. “Hamas’s sins and crimes do not relieve the government of Israel of its obligations to make whatever efforts are necessary to prevent mass starvation,” the rabbis write. Israel Claims UN’s Gaza Famine Declaration Based on ‘Biased and False’ Hamas Report (The Media Line) - Israel has rejected a global classification of famine in northern Gaza, accusing the international monitoring body behind the assessment of using flawed data sourced in part from Hamas-affiliated individuals and organizations. The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification system (IPC), a widely used global hunger monitor, declared on Thursday that famine is occurring in the Gaza governorate, which includes Gaza City, and warned that conditions are deteriorating rapidly across the territory. The declaration prompted a sharp rebuke from the Coordinator for Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT), a unit of Israel’s Defense Ministry that oversees humanitarian efforts in Gaza. In a counter-report, COGAT said the IPC’s findings were “biased and false” and accused the organization of relying on “severe methodological flaws.” Massachusetts Man Who Threatened to Kill Members of Jewish Community and Bomb Synagogues Sentenced to Prison (Reuters) - A Massachusetts man was sentenced on August 14 to more than two years in prison after he threatened to bomb synagogues and kill Jewish children in a series of calls he placed to two local houses of worship and the Israeli consulate in Boston after Israel and Hamas went to war in 2023. John Reardon, 60, was sentenced by U.S. District Judge Julia Kobick in Boston to 26 months in custody after pleading guilty in November to charges related to what prosecutors said were dozens of violent and antisemitic calls and voicemails he placed to Jewish institutions beginning on October 7, 2023.