The History of Bagels: From Tradition to Trend

January 21, 2025

The bagel, that beloved ring-shaped bread, has traveled a long journey through time and geography to become a staple in Jewish cuisine and a favorite breakfast item worldwide. Its story is as rich as its flavor, steeped in tradition and innovation.


Bagels in Jewish History

The origins of the bagel can be traced back to Jewish communities in Eastern Europe, particularly Poland, during the early 17th century. The first written mention of bagels appears in 1610, in the Community Regulations of Krakow, where bagels were noted as a gift to be given to women after childbirth. This suggests their symbolic association with fertility, continuity, and life—qualities reflected in the bagel’s circular shape, representing eternity and unity.


The bagel’s rise in Jewish communities can also be attributed to practical reasons. Its dense, chewy texture allowed it to stay fresh longer, making it a practical food for working-class families. Additionally, the dough was boiled before being baked, creating a crust that preserved the bread's moisture and made it easy to transport.


The Bagel Comes to America

Jewish immigrants brought the bagel to America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, settling in cities like New York, where bagel-making became a thriving industry. Bagel bakers often belonged to powerful unions, such as the Bagel Bakers Local 338, which dominated production in New York City during the mid-20th century. These bakers adhered to traditional methods, hand-rolling and boiling each bagel before baking them in wood-fired ovens.


By the 1960s, bagels had begun to expand beyond Jewish enclaves, thanks in part to mass production and marketing innovations. The Lender’s Bagels company, founded in 1927, played a major role in popularizing bagels across America by introducing frozen bagels that could be easily transported and stored.


Bagels Today: A Global Phenomenon

Today, bagels have become a global food phenomenon, appearing on menus from Montreal to Tokyo. While traditional flavors like plain, sesame, and poppy seed remain popular, modern variations include everything from rainbow bagels to flavors like jalapeño-cheddar and chocolate chip. The “everything bagel,” with its signature mix of seeds, salt, and garlic, is a contemporary favorite.


Beyond flavor innovation, bagels have taken on new roles in global cuisine. Sandwiches, pizza bagels, and bagel breakfast sandwiches have all emerged, showcasing the bagel's versatility. Meanwhile, artisanal bakeries and bagel shops have revived interest in traditional techniques, offering hand-rolled, boiled, and hearth-baked bagels that honor their origins.


A Symbol of Resilience and Community

The bagel’s enduring popularity is a testament to its universal appeal and its deep roots in Jewish history and culture. For Jewish communities, it remains a symbol of resilience, adaptability, and connection. Whether served with lox and cream cheese at a family brunch, or enjoyed simply with butter, the bagel carries with it a story of tradition, migration, and creativity.



Next time you savor a bagel, take a moment to appreciate the journey it’s taken—from Krakow to your plate—and the rich history baked into every bite.


Other Articles

October 10, 2025
The Jewish Community Alliance of Southern Maine joins Jewish communities around the world in welcoming news of a ceasefire agreement that will bring all the remaining hostages home and move toward an end to the war. While this is cautiously being referred to as a “first phase,” it is the most optimistic development since the war began. For two long years, our hearts have ached as we watched this war. We have seen firsthand the pain and grief it has brought to our own community, and the extraordinary resilience and compassion of Jewish people around the world. Hamas’ terrorist attacks on 10/7 started a conflict that swallowed the entire region in blood and fire. Today, we pray, we finally begin to move forward towards lasting peace for all. We especially send our love and prayers to the families of the captives. May G-d comfort the families of the bereaved and support the healing of the wounded. We will remain devoted in our mission to support Maine’s Jewish community. We will continue our steadfast support for our brothers and sisters in Israel. And we will continue to pray for a future in which Israelis and Palestinians can live in safety, hope, and peace. Statement From Israel's President Isaac Herzog: “This is a morning of historic and momentous news. I give my full support for the agreement reached in Egypt. I express my thanks to Prime Minister Netanyahu and the negotiating team, the mediators, and all those involved in this vital effort…This agreement will bring moments of indescribable relief to the dear families who have not slept for 733 days. This agreement offers a chance to mend, to heal, and to open a new horizon of hope for our region. This is a time to honor the heroes among us: our sons and daughters who fought bravely to bring the hostages home; the bereaved families; the wounded in body and spirit; and all who have paid an unbearable price for this historic and vital moment.” What to Know: Israel and Hamas have agreed to a comprehensive end-of-war and hostage release deal, which is set to be signed in Egypt on Thursday afternoon. Israel’s security cabinet is meeting to vote on the prisoner release and a number of other aspects of the agreement, which are expected to pass. Following the government vote, the agreement will go into effect, halting all fighting and triggering the beginning of the 72-hour period during which all hostages must be released. All hostages—both living and deceased—are to be released within 72 hours of the signing. It is understood that the 20 living hostages will return home to Israel by Monday at the latest (and possibly as early as Saturday). Hamas has agreed to release the hostages without the humiliating ceremonies it held with many of the previously released Israelis. Hamas has cautioned that it may take additional time to locate and return the 28 bodies of those hostages who are no longer alive. There is speculation that the location of eight or nine of those bodies is not currently known to Hamas. The deal also includes the full disarmament of Hamas and the demilitarization of Gaza, including the destruction of tunnels, weapons factories, and military infrastructure under international supervision. There will also be amnesty for Hamas fighters who lay down arms or can be given safe passage to third countries. Under the agreement, Israel will maintain temporary security control of a security envelope until Gaza is declared “free of terror.” Later today, IDF forces will begin withdrawing from numerous Gazan population centers, but for now will continue to hold about half of the territory. The deal will also include the release of approximately 2,000 Palestinian prisoners, including 250 serving life sentences (mainly for murdering Israelis) and at least 1,700 who were detained since October 7, among them women and minors. Israeli officials have indicated that the deal does not include members of Hamas’s Nukhba Force who took part in the October 7, 2023, massacre, nor the most prominent commanders described as “symbols of terrorist organizations,” such as Marwan Barghouti. As soon as the deal begins, there will be immediate and large humanitarian aid efforts for Gaza, including the restoration of water, electricity, hospital support, and a US- and UN-backed economic development plan. Oseh Shalom: A Jewish Prayer for Peace עֹשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם בִּמְרוֹמָיו הוּא יַעֲשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם עָלֵֽינוּ וְעַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן Oseh shalom bimromav hu ya'aseh shalom aleinu v'al kol Yisra’eil v'imru Amen May the one who creates peace on high bring peace to us and to all Israel. And let us say: Amen.
September 22, 2025
Rosh Hashanah is a time when we reflect on the past year and contemplate the ways in which we have grown, the mistakes we have made, and the opportunities we have yet to seize. As we engage in this sacred process of self-reflection, may we find the strength and courage to make amends, to learn from our experiences, and to grow into our best selves. As we welcome the new year 5786, we do so carrying the weight and wisdom of a year that has tested us in profound ways. This has been a time when our hearts have been stretched between grief and resilience, between fear and hope, between isolation and the deep human need for connection. We have witnessed antisemitism rise in our own communities here in Maine and beyond. We have seen violence and suffering that has shaken us to our core. We have grappled with complex questions about identity, safety, and belonging that have no easy answers. Many of us have felt the particular loneliness that comes from feeling misunderstood or unseen in our pain. Yet here we are, together. We continue to show up for one another. We continue to choose connection over isolation, dialogue over silence, and hope over despair—even when those choices feel impossibly difficult. Together, thanks to the hard work of our tremendously talented development team and the spirit of generosity and cooperation that is a hallmark of our community, the JCA has directly improved the lives of thousands of people locally and globally in the past year. We provided almost $400,000 in allocations to care for the most vulnerable among us, educate our children, strengthen Jewish identities locally, support Jews globally, and foster a thriving Jewish life. We distributed 259,050 diapers, 2,250 diaper wipe packs, and 43,248 menstrual pads through our diaper bank. We are starting a BBYO chapter to foster community and support Jewish identity among our local teens. We resettled 110 refugees from 9 different countries. We provided local school children with 510 pairs of boots through our Winter Warmth Drive. We greatly strengthened our antisemitic response protocol, developing a statewide incident response form and building key relationships with local, state, and national partners. We held our first Mitzvah Day, with 60 volunteers at 7 project sites, and subsequently created a mitzvah corps that comes together monthly to do volunteer work around the Portland area. We brought disparate voices together in dialogue to work toward shared understanding. And held space for our community to come together, to spread joy, to share pain, to remember, to hope for a brighter future, and to work to build a better world. The shofar calls us not to forget this year's trials, but to carry their lessons forward. It reminds us that we are part of an ancient story of perseverance, that we belong to a people who have always found ways to build meaning from brokenness, to plant seeds of justice even in the hardest ground. Every generation has faced its darkness and chosen to kindle light anyway. This is our moment to be ancestors to the future. Each conversation that builds understanding, each time we choose action over inaction and courage over fear—these become the foundation for the world we want our children to inherit. We plant trees whose shade we may never sit in, but whose shelter will comfort generations to come. As we stand at this threshold between years, we acknowledge what we've lost and what we've learned. We commit to continuing the sacred work of repairing our world—tikkun olam—knowing that this work is never finished, never perfect, but always necessary. We do this work not because we are certain of the outcome, but because hope is more than passive waiting—it is active faith in our ability to create change. Too often we are quick to call out the changes other people need to make, and shy away from taking account of the work we need to do internally. Our tradition emphasizes the critical principle of Kol Israel – that each Jew is responsible, one for the other. We can all benefit from reflection on the changes and repairs we need to make as individuals, looking inward before casting outward. We can also all benefit by affording others a little more grace to learn and grow and change, focusing more on building up instead of tearing down, of uniting rather than dividing. Given the host of ills in the world, it’s more important than ever that we stand together to confront the challenges we face as a community, as a nation, as a people, as human beings. May this new year bring healing to our community and our world. May we find strength in our traditions and in each other. And may we remember that even in the darkest times, we are never truly alone. Shanah Tovah u'Metukah. Leslie Kirby, Chief Executive Officer Jewish Community Alliance of Southern Maine 🍎🍯🍏
By Zach Schwartz, JCRC Director September 22, 2025
Did you know that there is a connection between Jews and the Tutsi people of Rwanda and Burundi? One member of Portland’s community, Paul Niyonizigiye, who immigrated from Burundi (a country in Africa), is passionately keeping that connection alive. While Paul’s faith is Unitarian Universalism, he donates regularly to Jewish causes, including the World Jewish Congress and the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, and considers himself both to be an ally of the Jewish people and a supporter of Israel. “If I see Jewish people in the community, I see my brother or sister, even if I don’t know them,” Paul tells me during a recent visit to the JCA. Tutsi people and Jewish people have many similar customs , including not eating pork or mixing meat and milk, and some historians believe this points to a shared historical origin. Paul himself believes that Tutsis are descended from Ethiopian Jews who settled in the region millennia ago. But the connection between the Tutsi people and Jewish people doesn’t stop at mysteriously similar traditions or shared ancestry. Our modern histories are marred by tragedy: Tutsis were the primary victims of the Rwandan genocide, where 800,000 people were killed in 100 days. Many Tutsis after the genocide have looked towards Israel, and more broadly Jews, as an example of how to survive a horror and rebuild afterwards. In fact, while the blight of antisemitism spreads again throughout the world, many Rwandans and Tutsis continue to hold a positive perception of Jews, Israel, and the Jewish religion. We consider Paul a friend of the JCA, and we look forward to continuing to build with him and the Tutsi community in Maine. I interviewed Paul about his connection to the Jewish people, his thoughts on Israel, and his message to our community.
Show More