Israel-Iran: A Primer for the Maine Community

June 24, 2025

Background


Did you know the first Jewish “Messiah” was an Iranian king?

Before we dive into the current war, it is incredibly important to lead with the long history of friendship between Iranian (Persian) and Jewish people. This current conflict is not a war between Jewish and Persian people, but a war between the state of Israel and the government of Iran. In fact, many Jewish Mainers have deep connections to the Iranian community, including friendships with Iranian refugees (i.e. members of the Bahá’í Faith), Persian Jews, and others.


Just like Jewish history, Iranian civilization is ancient, vibrant, and world-influential. The Achaemenid Empire, also known as the “First Persian Empire,” was the very first “world empire,” stretching from Greece to Israel to the borders of India all the way back in ~500 BC. Moreover, the Hebrew Bible refers to Cyrus the Great, who founded the Achaemenid Empire, as the first “messiah.” This is because Cyrus decreed that the Jews—who were then in captivity in Babylonia—could return to their ancestral homeland of Israel and rebuild their Temple. This was an act of kindness which the Jewish people are still grateful for today. In fact, Cyrus is the only non-Jewish person to ever have been called messiah!


Cyrus’ humanitarianism laid the foundation for two millennia of Jewish-Persian friendship. Before the 1979 Iranian revolution, more than 100,000 Jews called Iran home, contributing to its culture, economy, and civic life. Iran even had diplomatic ties, and direct flights, to Israel. We begin with this information because it is Cyrus the Great’s legacy, not the current Iranian regime’s twisted inversion of it, that should define the relationship between Jewish and Iranian peoples going forward.


The 1979 Iranian Revolution


An oppressive regime takes power…

The current regime in Tehran, borne from the chaos of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, is built on a theocratic, totalitarian ideology. It claims a divine mission to redeem Islam through confrontation with the West. In the Iranian regime’s eyes, America is the “Great Satan”; Israel is “Little Satan.” Their stated goal is Israel’s destruction—not as a slogan, but literal policy.


Older Americans remember the cost of Iran’s brutality: from the 1979 U.S. embassy hostage crisis in Tehran, where 52 Americans were held for 444 days; to Hezbollah’s 1983 bombing of the U.S. Marine barracks in Beirut that killed 241 American service members; to the Iranian roadside bombs in Iraq and Afghanistan that maimed and murdered thousands.


Iran’s revolutionary ideology has also inflicted devastating harm across the Arab world—and upon its own people. With funding, weapons and training from Tehran, proxies like Hamas, Hezbollah and the Houthis have fueled violence and instability, leaving Palestinians, Syrians, Lebanese, Yemenis and Iraqis trapped in cycles of war. Inside Iran, the regime has gutted a country rich in talent and natural resources by pouring billions into terror proxies and a rogue nuclear program. Repression is constant, targeting women, members of the Bahá’í faith, journalists, and other minorities.


In recent years, brave Iranians have taken to the streets with chants like “No Gaza, No Lebanon, My life for Iran”—rejecting the regime’s obsession with exporting conflict — and “Woman, Life, Freedom,” the rallying cry of a movement demanding basic dignity and human rights. These protests reflect a simple truth: Iranians want to rebuild their country, not see it sacrificed for an ideological crusade against Israel.


Before continuing, it’s also important to acknowledge the West’s own actions in radicalizing Iran. In 1953, intelligence agencies from the USA and Great Britain overthrew Iran’s democratically-elected Prime Minister, Mohammad Mosaddegh, in order to install a pro-Western leader, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Pahlavi turned out to be an unpopular leader whose autocratic policies led to the Iranian Revolution. This should serve as a warning against externally forcing regime change in Iran: as wicked and repressive as Iran’s regime is, it is ultimately up to the Iranian people to determine their own destiny and leadership.


The Current Israel-Iran War


When “Death to Israel” is finally taken seriously as a threat…

On June 21, the US took military action to eliminate Iran’s nuclear threat by bombing three facilities: Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan. This strike occurred just over a week after Israel began a preemptive military campaign against Iran’s nuclear program. These actions were in direct response to Iran’s rapid acceleration of its nuclear weapons program and unwillingness to engage in a diplomatic solution.


The situation is unfolding fast and unpredictably. Just yesterday, Iran retaliated by striking a US base in Qatar. Shortly afterwards, Trump declared he had negotiated a ceasefire between Israel and Iran. As of this writing (June 24), it is unclear if the the ceasefire will hold.


We will continue to show solidarity with the people of Israel as they fight a regime hell-bent on their annihilation. We also stand with the people of Iran who have been oppressed by their government for decades. You can follow live updates on the conflict at The New York Times, The Times of Israel, and other outlets. We’ve also attached key talking points below.



Key Points about the Israel-Iran War

  • The International community overwhelmingly agrees that we cannot tolerate a nuclear Iran, which would pose a direct threat to Israel, the United States, our allies in the region, other Arab countries in the Middle East, and global peace.
  • In December 2024, the head of the IAEA noted that Iran was “dramatically” enriching uranium to 60%, close to weapons-grade. In February 2025, U.S. intelligence observed Iranian efforts to accelerate its pathway to a nuclear bomb and in May 2025, the IAEA reported that Iran had conducted undeclared nuclear activities at three previously unknown sites.
  • A nuclear capability would render Iran—the chief sponsor of terrorist groups including Hamas, Hezbollah, and the Houthis—unacceptably dangerous.
  • This action is not solely about Israel’s future—it is about the safety and security of the United States and the broader international community. The Iranian regime is directly responsible for the deaths of over 1,000 Americans and hundreds of thousands across the Middle East.
  • Israel did not begin this war; Iran has for decades called for the destruction of Israel (“Death to Israel”) while funding and training proxy terror groups to attack Israelis and Jews worldwide, culminating in the vicious October 7th attacks by Hamas. Iran trained, supplied and funded Hamas, resulting in the bloodiest day for the Jewish people since the Holocaust. Saeed Izadi, the head of the Palestine Corps in the IRGC Quds Force, recently killed in an Israeli strike, was an architect of the October 7th attacks.
  • In the months following October 7, Israel faced a surge in coordinated attacks from Iranian-backed terror groups across multiple borders—Hamas in Gaza, Hezbollah in Lebanon, militias in Syria and Iraq, and the Houthis in Yemen. These attacks intensified in scale, coordination, and frequency, signaling a broader Iranian strategy to encircle and weaken Israel.
  • Despite international diplomatic efforts, Iran continued to escalate its rhetoric and provide military support to its proxies. Calls for de-escalation and diplomacy were met with rocket fire, drone attacks, and cross-border incursions—pushing Israel (and eventually the US) to act decisively.


Other Articles

August 22, 2025
Important Note: The following articles do not represent an official position of the JCA, and are deliberately intended to mirror the wide range of diverse perspectives within Southern Maine’s Jewish community. Our goal is to deliver interesting news, reliable sources, and important perspectives on major Jewish issues. In IDF-controlled Rafah, an armed clan’s school plants seeds of a Hamas-free future (The Times of Israel) - The Palestinian Abu Shabab gang claims to have carved out an area where it is providing electricity, medical care and education for thousands of displaced Gazans under IDF protection. The school eschews Palestinian Authority textbooks previously prevalent in Gaza, with teachers apparently recruited from among displaced Palestinians living in a part of Gaza controlled by the Israel Defense Forces and appears to educate pupils along progressive ideas of pluralism and tolerance. “We want to create a generation of learners, not terrorists,” said Mohammed, a senior member of Abu Shabab’s forces, in a phone interview with The Times of Israel. Both initiatives appear to address longstanding Israeli concerns regarding Palestinian education, which critics say includes content that incites against Israelis and Jews, perpetuating narratives that fuel distrust and conflict rather than coexistence. After decades of conflict, Armenia-Azerbaijan peace plan gives Caucasus Jews new hope (Jewish Telegraphic Agency) - Two former Soviet republics that have been sworn enemies ever since the breakup of the USSR are suddenly on the verge of making peace. Since even before their independence in 1991, predominantly Christian, landlocked Armenia and mostly Muslim, oil-rich Azerbaijan have fought many wars over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region and accused each other of human rights abuses, ethnic cleansing — even genocide. But now, their leaders say they have decided to bury the hatchet — and Jews in both countries could benefit. Israel opens new embassy in Zambia, once home to a historic Jewish community (Jewish Telegraphic Agency) - Israel has opened an embassy in Zambia, more than half a century after it was shuttered following the Yom Kippur war and as the African nation’s Jewish population has dwindled to near zero. Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Sa’ar and Zambian Foreign Minister Mulambo Haimbe opened the embassy together on Wednesday. “It’s an honor to be in Lusaka for the opening of Israel’s embassy,” Sa’ar tweeted, adding that the two countries were “enhancing our partnership in agriculture, health and much more.” 80 Modern Orthodox rabbis call for ‘moral clarity’ in the face of Gaza humanitarian crisis (The Times of Israel) - Dozens of Orthodox rabbis have issued “A Call for Moral Clarity, Responsibility, and a Jewish Orthodox Response in the Face of the Gaza Humanitarian Crisis,” in an addition to a recent cascade of open letters from Jewish voices responding to a hunger crisis in the Palestinian enclave nearly two years into the Israel-Hamas war. Unlike some of the other letters, the new letter stresses condemnation of Hamas and does not call for Israel to end the war in Gaza. Instead, the rabbis write, “Hamas’s sins and crimes do not relieve the government of Israel of its obligations to make whatever efforts are necessary to prevent mass starvation." The Orthodox rabbis also lament the ascendance of extremist voices in Israel, the hardening of sentiments about Palestinians, and the explosion of settler violence in the West Bank — which they refer to using the Hebrew name for the region that conveys a historic Jewish connection to the land. “Hamas’s sins and crimes do not relieve the government of Israel of its obligations to make whatever efforts are necessary to prevent mass starvation,” the rabbis write. Israel Claims UN’s Gaza Famine Declaration Based on ‘Biased and False’ Hamas Report (The Media Line) - Israel has rejected a global classification of famine in northern Gaza, accusing the international monitoring body behind the assessment of using flawed data sourced in part from Hamas-affiliated individuals and organizations. The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification system (IPC), a widely used global hunger monitor, declared on Thursday that famine is occurring in the Gaza governorate, which includes Gaza City, and warned that conditions are deteriorating rapidly across the territory. The declaration prompted a sharp rebuke from the Coordinator for Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT), a unit of Israel’s Defense Ministry that oversees humanitarian efforts in Gaza. In a counter-report, COGAT said the IPC’s findings were “biased and false” and accused the organization of relying on “severe methodological flaws.” Massachusetts Man Who Threatened to Kill Members of Jewish Community and Bomb Synagogues Sentenced to Prison (Reuters) - A Massachusetts man was sentenced on August 14 to more than two years in prison after he threatened to bomb synagogues and kill Jewish children in a series of calls he placed to two local houses of worship and the Israeli consulate in Boston after Israel and Hamas went to war in 2023. John Reardon, 60, was sentenced by U.S. District Judge Julia Kobick in Boston to 26 months in custody after pleading guilty in November to charges related to what prosecutors said were dozens of violent and antisemitic calls and voicemails he placed to Jewish institutions beginning on October 7, 2023.
August 8, 2025
Hundreds of Rabbis Demand Israel Stop ‘Using Starvation as a Weapon of War’ - ( The Times of Israel ) Hundreds of rabbis in the US and worldwide, including many rabbis here in Maine, have signed a letter calling for Israel to stop using starvation as a “weapon of war,” bring home the hostages, and end the fighting in Gaza. The letter, posted on July 25 and featuring the names of several leading rabbis across denominations, said the “Jewish People face a grave moral crisis…[even as] we recognize, and many of us endure, the huge challenges the State of Israel relentlessly confronts, surrounded for so long by enemies and facing existential threats from many quarters.” The signatories also said they “unequivocally support” Israel’s battle against Hamas and Hezbollah and understand the IDF’s policy of protecting its soldiers’ lives. “But we cannot condone the mass killings of civilians, including a great many women, children and elderly, or the use of starvation as a weapon of war,” the letter stated. Palestinian Leader Condemns Hamas for Contributing to Hunger Crisis - “Producing mass death from hunger is Hamas’ final play,” Palestinian activist Ahmed Foud Al-Khatib writes in a piece for The Atlantic that both criticizes Hamas for deliberately manufacturing a famine against Gazans and calls upon the Israeli government to flood Gaza with food, in order to lessen the terrorist group’s influence. Al-Khatib states that "if the hunger crisis and humanitarian issues are addressed, Hamas can no longer use the suffering of Gazans to generate an international outcry or use the resultant leverage to end the war on its own terms." German Media Investigation Exposes Staged and Out-of-Context Photographs of Civilian Suffering in Gaza - A new investigation by German media outlets Süddeutsche Zeitung and BILD reveals that prominent Gaza-based photographers have been staging photos of Gazan civilians for propaganda efforts. While acknowledging the severity of the humanitarian crisis in Gaza, the investigation found that photographers, including Anas Zayed Fteiah, were selectively staging images to “depict chaos and destruction” in order to serve Hamas’s propaganda wing and influence public opinion. One of Fteiah’s photos, depicting starving Gazan women and children desperately brandishing pots and pans to receive food, was published on the cover of the August 1 edition of TIME Magazine. Süddeutsche Zeitung ran a photograph of Fteiah taking the picture, revealing that the pots and pans were held out for the purposes of the photograph, not to receive food. Other photos from the same location showed adult males calmly receiving food. Israel's Security Cabinet Approves Plan for Israeli Military to Temporarily Take Over Gaza City - ( CBS ) Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's office announced early Friday morning local time that Israel's Security Cabinet had approved a plan for the Israeli military to take over Gaza City. In a statement, Netanyahu's office said the Israel Defense Forces would prepare to take over Gaza City while providing humanitarian aid to the civilian population outside of combat zones. According to Netanyahu's office, the cabinet adopted five principles for ending the war: the disarmament of Hamas, the return of all hostages both living and dead, the demilitarization of the Gaza Strip, Israeli security control over the Gaza Strip, and the establishment of an alternative civilian government in Gaza that is not led by Hamas or the Palestinian Authority. 19 Former Israel Defense Chiefs Demand End to Gaza War - ( The Times of Israel ) More than a dozen former senior Israeli security officials issued a joint video message Sunday, August 3, with a call to end the war in Gaza, arguing that Israel has racked up more losses than victories and that the fighting has dragged on for political reasons rather than strategic military need. Among those backing the clip were former prime minister and IDF chief Ehud Barak and former IDF chiefs of staff Moshe Ya’alon and Dan Halutz. The group says that Netanyahu is avoiding agreeing on a permanent end to the war and the return of the 50 hostages still in captivity in order to preserve his coalition, which relies on far-right parties who insist on continuing the war. Israeli and American Assessments Agree Tehran’s Infrastructure to Finish a Bomb Is Shattered - ( The Washington Post ) Now that the rhetorical debris has settled from Israel’s 12-day war with Iran, there is growing evidence that Iran’s nuclear program suffered such severe damage that it will be neutered for at least a year, and probably far longer. “Iran is no longer a threshold nuclear state,” one well-informed Israeli source says. This account supports claims by both the Trump administration and Israel that the Iran campaign achieved its objectives. Jewish Community Remains Most-Targeted Religious Group in FBI’s 2024 Hate Crime Report - ( Security Community Network ) - The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) released its 2024 Hate Crime Report , confirming the Jewish community remains the most targeted religious group in the United States. The report documents 1,938 anti‑Jewish hate crimes, representing 69 percent of all religiously motivated incidents, up from 67 percent in 2023. Among these incidents were terroristic plots, assault, vandalism, harassment, burglary, false bomb threats, and swatting. The FBI’s report carries added significance in the years following the 07 October Hamas attacks, as anti-Jewish related crimes continue to reach all‑time highs.
July 30, 2025
On July 1, the JCA’s Board of Directors notified staff that they had made the gut-wrenching decision to pause Federally funded HIAS/RRNS work at the end of September 2025. Our current Federal administration does not support refugee resettlement and is defunding the programs that have made it possible. Sarah discussed how working with refugee clients supports Jewish values and highlighted the “incredible, selfless and humanistic work of the RRNS staff.” We would like to take this opportunity to honor the story of volunteers’ participation in the RRNS program and address the impact of the program's pause on our volunteer community. In January 2022, when JCA began its partnership with HIAS to resettle refugees in Maine, we did not fully comprehend the scope of the endeavor we took on and found ourselves struggling to organize, manage, and administer the demands of the program. The resettlement process, beginning as the planes touched down at the Portland Jetport, was determined by Federal mandates, including required programs that had to be offered within specific timeframes. During this time, we turned to our volunteer community to assist our HIAS staff in a variety of impactful roles in the efforts to welcome these families to Maine. Volunteers did everything from helping to find suitable housing, picking up clients as they arrived, assisting them into temporary housing, preparing permanent housing, which included sourcing and moving furniture, cleaning, and transporting clients to their new homes. Volunteers also helped clients adjust to a culture very different from their own by assisting with grocery shopping and cultural orientation groups. Due to the nature of the work, there was often very little lead time. Emails alerting volunteers to various needs often occurring within that same week, and invariably, people would show up to help. When housing was no longer available in the Portland area, volunteers drove to Lewiston, Auburn, and Waterville to help clients with their moving and settling process. Volunteers’ passion, dedication, flexibility, and commitment were vital to the program’s success. Words like “amazing,” “awesome,” and “wonderful” can’t adequately capture the quality of our volunteers’ efforts on behalf of the JCA to carry forth its mission or on behalf of the refugees whom the program has served. People put their heart and soul into this endeavor in response to JCA embracing such a massive undertaking and in response to the refugees’ situations in their home countries and the courage and bravery they demonstrated in emigrating. And not surprisingly, many volunteers developed strong relationships with the refugee clients they served. The abrupt end to this funding and JCA’s struggles to provide as many services to as many people as possible since then have caused a type of emotional whiplash amongst the volunteer community. People have experienced many feelings, including shock, confusion, sadness, anger, and disappointment. It felt to many of the volunteers that the program was just starting to solidify. Services were being evaluated and improved. Communication was enhanced. In other words, just as the program was coming into its own, it was suddenly ground to a halt. It is painful for all of us to be in this current situation. However, JCA is hopeful that attitudes toward refugees will change in the future and that we will once again be able to help people from ravaged countries start new lives here. We all know that despite the prevailing environment, steadfast dedication can change the world, and JCA remains committed to providing what services we can. We will be forever grateful for our volunteers’ efforts in support of those goals. Please feel free to reach out to Adam if you have questions or want to talk about the end of the RRNS program.
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