Israel-Iran: A Primer for the Maine Community

Background

Did you know the first Jewish “Messiah” was an Iranian king?

Before we dive into the current war, it is incredibly important to lead with the long history of friendship between Iranian (Persian) and Jewish people. This current conflict is not a war between Jewish and Persian people, but a war between the state of Israel and the government of Iran. In fact, many Jewish Mainers have deep connections to the Iranian community, including friendships with Iranian refugees (i.e. members of the Bahá’í Faith), Persian Jews, and others.

Just like Jewish history, Iranian civilization is ancient, vibrant, and world-influential. The Achaemenid Empire, also known as the “First Persian Empire,” was the very first “world empire,” stretching from Greece to Israel to the borders of India all the way back in ~500 BC. Moreover, the Hebrew Bible refers to Cyrus the Great, who founded the Achaemenid Empire, as the first “messiah.” This is because Cyrus decreed that the Jews—who were then in captivity in Babylonia—could return to their ancestral homeland of Israel and rebuild their Temple. This was an act of kindness which the Jewish people are still grateful for today. In fact, Cyrus is the only non-Jewish person to ever have been called messiah!

Cyrus’ humanitarianism laid the foundation for two millennia of Jewish-Persian friendship. Before the 1979 Iranian revolution, more than 100,000 Jews called Iran home, contributing to its culture, economy, and civic life. Iran even had diplomatic ties, and direct flights, to Israel. We begin with this information because it is Cyrus the Great’s legacy, not the current Iranian regime’s twisted inversion of it, that should define the relationship between Jewish and Iranian peoples going forward.

The 1979 Iranian Revolution

An oppressive regime takes power…

The current regime in Tehran, borne from the chaos of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, is built on a theocratic, totalitarian ideology. It claims a divine mission to redeem Islam through confrontation with the West. In the Iranian regime’s eyes, America is the “Great Satan”; Israel is “Little Satan.” Their stated goal is Israel’s destruction—not as a slogan, but literal policy.

Older Americans remember the cost of Iran’s brutality: from the 1979 U.S. embassy hostage crisis in Tehran, where 52 Americans were held for 444 days; to Hezbollah’s 1983 bombing of the U.S. Marine barracks in Beirut that killed 241 American service members; to the Iranian roadside bombs in Iraq and Afghanistan that maimed and murdered thousands.

Iran’s revolutionary ideology has also inflicted devastating harm across the Arab world—and upon its own people. With funding, weapons and training from Tehran, proxies like Hamas, Hezbollah and the Houthis have fueled violence and instability, leaving Palestinians, Syrians, Lebanese, Yemenis and Iraqis trapped in cycles of war. Inside Iran, the regime has gutted a country rich in talent and natural resources by pouring billions into terror proxies and a rogue nuclear program. Repression is constant, targeting women, members of the Bahá’í faith, journalists, and other minorities.

In recent years, brave Iranians have taken to the streets with chants like “No Gaza, No Lebanon, My life for Iran”—rejecting the regime’s obsession with exporting conflict — and “Woman, Life, Freedom,” the rallying cry of a movement demanding basic dignity and human rights. These protests reflect a simple truth: Iranians want to rebuild their country, not see it sacrificed for an ideological crusade against Israel.

Before continuing, it’s also important to acknowledge the West’s own actions in radicalizing Iran. In 1953, intelligence agencies from the USA and Great Britain overthrew Iran’s democratically-elected Prime Minister, Mohammad Mosaddegh, in order to install a pro-Western leader, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Pahlavi turned out to be an unpopular leader whose autocratic policies led to the Iranian Revolution. This should serve as a warning against externally forcing regime change in Iran: as wicked and repressive as Iran’s regime is, it is ultimately up to the Iranian people to determine their own destiny and leadership.

The Current Israel-Iran War

When “Death to Israel” is finally taken seriously as a threat…

On June 21, the US took military action to eliminate Iran’s nuclear threat by bombing three facilities: Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan. This strike occurred just over a week after Israel began a preemptive military campaign against Iran’s nuclear program. These actions were in direct response to Iran’s rapid acceleration of its nuclear weapons program and unwillingness to engage in a diplomatic solution.

The situation is unfolding fast and unpredictably. Just yesterday, Iran retaliated by striking a US base in Qatar. Shortly afterwards, Trump declared he had negotiated a ceasefire between Israel and Iran. As of this writing (June 24), it is unclear if the the ceasefire will hold.

We will continue to show solidarity with the people of Israel as they fight a regime hell-bent on their annihilation. We also stand with the people of Iran who have been oppressed by their government for decades. You can follow live updates on the conflict at The New York Times, The Times of Israel, and other outlets. We’ve also attached key talking points below.

Key Points about the Israel-Iran War

The International community overwhelmingly agrees that we cannot tolerate a nuclear Iran, which would pose a direct threat to Israel, the United States, our allies in the region, other Arab countries in the Middle East, and global peace.
In December 2024, the head of the IAEA noted that Iran was “dramatically” enriching uranium to 60%, close to weapons-grade. In February 2025, U.S. intelligence observed Iranian efforts to accelerate its pathway to a nuclear bomb and in May 2025, the IAEA reported that Iran had conducted undeclared nuclear activities at three previously unknown sites.
A nuclear capability would render Iran—the chief sponsor of terrorist groups including Hamas, Hezbollah, and the Houthis—unacceptably dangerous.
This action is not solely about Israel’s future—it is about the safety and security of the United States and the broader international community. The Iranian regime is directly responsible for the deaths of over 1,000 Americans and hundreds of thousands across the Middle East.
Israel did not begin this war; Iran has for decades called for the destruction of Israel (“Death to Israel”) while funding and training proxy terror groups to attack Israelis and Jews worldwide, culminating in the vicious October 7th attacks by Hamas. Iran trained, supplied and funded Hamas, resulting in the bloodiest day for the Jewish people since the Holocaust. Saeed Izadi, the head of the Palestine Corps in the IRGC Quds Force, recently killed in an Israeli strike, was an architect of the October 7th attacks.
In the months following October 7, Israel faced a surge in coordinated attacks from Iranian-backed terror groups across multiple borders—Hamas in Gaza, Hezbollah in Lebanon, militias in Syria and Iraq, and the Houthis in Yemen. These attacks intensified in scale, coordination, and frequency, signaling a broader Iranian strategy to encircle and weaken Israel.
Despite international diplomatic efforts, Iran continued to escalate its rhetoric and provide military support to its proxies. Calls for de-escalation and diplomacy were met with rocket fire, drone attacks, and cross-border incursions—pushing Israel (and eventually the US) to act decisively.

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Refugee Resettlement Program Pause & the JCA Volunteer Community

July 30, 2025

On July 1, the JCA’s Board of Directors notified staff that they had made the gut-wrenching decision to pause Federally funded HIAS/RRNS work at the end of September 2025. Our current Federal administration does not support refugee resettlement and is defunding the programs that have made it possible. Sarah discussed how working with refugee clients supports Jewish values and highlighted the “incredible, selfless and humanistic work of the RRNS staff.” We would like to take this opportunity to honor the story of volunteers’ participation in the RRNS program and address the impact of the program's pause on our volunteer community. In January 2022, when JCA began its partnership with HIAS to resettle refugees in Maine, we did not fully comprehend the scope of the endeavor we took on and found ourselves struggling to organize, manage, and administer the demands of the program. The resettlement process, beginning as the planes touched down at the Portland Jetport, was determined by Federal mandates, including required programs that had to be offered within specific timeframes. During this time, we turned to our volunteer community to assist our HIAS staff in a variety of impactful roles in the efforts to welcome these families to Maine. Volunteers did everything from helping to find suitable housing, picking up clients as they arrived, assisting them into temporary housing, preparing permanent housing, which included sourcing and moving furniture, cleaning, and transporting clients to their new homes. Volunteers also helped clients adjust to a culture very different from their own by assisting with grocery shopping and cultural orientation groups. Due to the nature of the work, there was often very little lead time. Emails alerting volunteers to various needs often occurring within that same week, and invariably, people would show up to help. When housing was no longer available in the Portland area, volunteers drove to Lewiston, Auburn, and Waterville to help clients with their moving and settling process. Volunteers’ passion, dedication, flexibility, and commitment were vital to the program’s success. Words like “amazing,” “awesome,” and “wonderful” can’t adequately capture the quality of our volunteers’ efforts on behalf of the JCA to carry forth its mission or on behalf of the refugees whom the program has served. People put their heart and soul into this endeavor in response to JCA embracing such a massive undertaking and in response to the refugees’ situations in their home countries and the courage and bravery they demonstrated in emigrating. And not surprisingly, many volunteers developed strong relationships with the refugee clients they served. The abrupt end to this funding and JCA’s struggles to provide as many services to as many people as possible since then have caused a type of emotional whiplash amongst the volunteer community. People have experienced many feelings, including shock, confusion, sadness, anger, and disappointment. It felt to many of the volunteers that the program was just starting to solidify. Services were being evaluated and improved. Communication was enhanced. In other words, just as the program was coming into its own, it was suddenly ground to a halt. It is painful for all of us to be in this current situation. However, JCA is hopeful that attitudes toward refugees will change in the future and that we will once again be able to help people from ravaged countries start new lives here. We all know that despite the prevailing environment, steadfast dedication can change the world, and JCA remains committed to providing what services we can. We will be forever grateful for our volunteers’ efforts in support of those goals. Please feel free to reach out to Adam if you have questions or want to talk about the end of the RRNS program.

What's New in Jewish News This Week

July 24, 2025

America’s Largest Teacher’s Union Rejects Proposal to Ban ADL Materials In a positive development, the US’ largest teacher’s union, the National Education Association (NEA), has rejected a member-approved proposal to sever ties with the Anti-Defamation League. Just two weeks ago, NEA—which is also the teacher’s union of Maine—voted to cut all ties with the ADL: banning all their lessons on antisemitism, Holocaust education, and Jewish-American history. According to the rejected proposal, the “NEA will not use, endorse, or publicize any materials from the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), such as its curricular materials or its statistics…NEA will not participate in ADL programs or publicize ADL professional development offerings.” This was an incredibly disconcerting development. While the ADL does not represent the views of the entire Jewish community, and has been a target of criticism by some, it has also put decades of work into Jewish-American education and funded widely respected curricula that are acclaimed for their effectiveness in progressive, right-leaning, and centrist spaces (such as Project Shema). Banning the ADL would eradicate a pillar of Jewish-American education and handicap the American Jewish community’s ability to fight rising antisemitism in schools. We here at Jewish Community Alliance of Southern Maine joined 378 other Jewish organizations in a joint letter to the NEA’s Executive Committee, strongly urging them to veto the resolution. We have heard that this letter, which showed in overwhelming force the American Jewish community’s condemnation of this proposal, was a direct factor in the proposal getting vetoed. We are grateful to our friends at the Jewish Federations for North America and the Jewish Council for Public Affairs as they coordinated a national response. You can read the communal letter with our organization’s name on it here , and learn more about the situation on Axios . Hundreds of Druze Cross the Israeli Border Into Syria to Defend their Brethren What is often missed in the Israel discussion is the fact that for many religious minorities in the Middle East, Israel is the single biggest guarantor of their security. This applies to our friends in the Bahá’í Faith, whose holy sites in Iran were razed to the ground and now only exist in Israel, as well as to our Druze allies. While the Druze (a secretive offshoot of Islam) only make up 1% of Israel’s population, Druze men have proudly served in the Israel Defense Forces in disproportionately high numbers since the nation’s founding in 1948. Many have risen to positions of command. Far too many have fallen in battle—and their sacrifice has forged a “blood covenant” with the Israeli people. Right now, Druze are being massacred in Syria: babies are being slaughtered, men are being humiliated via having their mustaches (a sign of honor) shaved off, women are being raped and killed. This past week, following days of fighting across southern Syria between the local Druze population and Bedouin militias backed by Syrian government forces, hundreds of Israeli Druzes stormed the border into Syria to aid their compatriots. They are currently petitioning the Israeli government to do more to help the Druzes in Syria (and Israel is responding—7 days ago, they bombed the Syrian Defense Ministry). This is a developing situation, but you can read a recent update on The Jerusalem Post . We’d like to send our prayers and support to the Druze community—as well as all innocent souls in the Middle East who are suffering from the ramifications of war. Five Hebron Sheikhs Break Away from Palestinian Authority and Call for Peace With Israel This month, five leading Hebron sheikhs, headed by Sheikh Wadee’ al‑Jaabari, asked Israeli Economy Minister Nir Barkat to let Hebron break from the Palestinian Authority and form an “Emirate of Hebron” that would fully recognize Israel as the Jewish state and join the Abraham Accords.The clan leaders have pledged zero tolerance for terror and proposed a joint economic zone that could employ tens of thousands of Palestinians inside Israel. The initiative has drawn cautious interest in Jerusalem, underscoring mounting frustration with the Palestinian Authority among many West Bank Palestinians. If it moves forward, Hebron could become the first Palestinian‑led experiment in clan‑based self‑rule and economic partnership under the wider Abraham Accords umbrella. Could this be a radical solution to bringing about peace in the Israel-Palestine conflict? Read more at The Times of Israel. The Largest Reconstructionist Synagogue Is Set to Cut Ties With the Denomination Over Israel Tensions The largest synagogue in Judaism’s Reconstructionist movement is moving to cut ties with its denominational body over what its leaders describe as a failure to confront hostility to Israel among affiliated rabbis and rabbinical students. The rupture is emblematic of a wider debate among American Jews about Zionism and the boundaries of legitimate criticism of Israel. In a letter, the synagogue’s leaders cited concerns over the rabbinical college’s ordination of students who hold anti-Zionist views, as well as tolerating a “hostile” atmosphere toward Zionism on campus. The congregation — whose membership numbers around 900 families — is now asking congregants to vote in favor of a bylaws change that would finalize the disaffiliation. Read more at the Jewish Telegraphic Agency .

What's New in Jewish News This Week

July 18, 2025

Nation’s Largest Teacher’s Union Votes to Sever Ties with ADL, JCA Responds This month, the US’s largest teacher’s union, the National Education Association (NEA)—which is also the teacher’s union of Maine—voted to cut all ties with the ADL: banning their lessons on antisemitism, Holocaust education, and Jewish-American history. According to the proposal, the “NEA will not use, endorse, or publicize any materials from the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), such as its curricular materials or its statistics…NEA will not participate in ADL programs or publicize ADL professional development offerings.” This vote will now head to the Executive Committee of the NEA for final approval. This is an incredibly disconcerting development. While the ADL does not represent the views of the entire Jewish community, it has built widely respected anti-bias and Holocaust education curricula that are acclaimed for their effectiveness in progressive, centrist, and right-leaning spaces. Banning the ADL will eradicate a pillar of Jewish-American education and handicap the American Jewish community’s ability to fight rising antisemitism in schools. We here at Jewish Community Alliance of Southern Maine joined 378 other Jewish organizations last week in a joint letter to the NEA’s Executive Committee, strongly urging them to veto this resolution. Along with our friends at the Jewish Federations of North America and Jewish Council for Public Affairs, we are closely monitoring this situation so we can best support Jewish parents and educators in Maine. You can read the communal letter with our organization’s name on it here , and learn more about the situation on Axios . New Polish Plaques Deny Complicity With Nazis When Jews gathered this week for the anniversary of a World War II massacre in the Polish town of Jedwabne, they saw a new installation—one that denied a historical consensus about the grievous events that unfolded there. At the same time, a far-right lawmaker interrupted the memorial gathering — and triggered a police investigation by calling the gas chambers at Auschwitz “fake.” Thursday marked 84 years since the crimes in Jedwabne, a town of less than 2,000 people northeast of Warsaw. In 1941, local residents killed hundreds of their Jewish neighbors, most of them in a barn where they were burned alive. An official investigation by Poland’s Institute of National Remembrance confirmed in 2002 that the murder was carried out by Poles. But Jedwabne has become a flashpoint in Polish politics, with some far-right politicians claiming it was Germans who perpetrated the massacre and characterizing research on Polish complicity as part of an effort to slander their nation. Read more about this disturbing controversy at the Jewish Telegraphic Agency . Five Hebron Sheikhs Break Away from Palestinian Authority and Call for Peace With Israel Five leading Hebron sheikhs, headed by Sheikh Wadee’ al‑Jaabari, have asked Israeli Economy Minister Nir Barkat to let Hebron break from the Palestinian Authority and form an “Emirate of Hebron” that would fully recognize Israel as the Jewish state and join the Abraham Accords. The clan leaders have pledged zero tolerance for terror and proposed a joint economic zone that could employ tens of thousands of Palestinians inside Israel. The initiative has drawn cautious interest in Jerusalem, underscoring mounting frustration with the Palestinian Authority among many West Bank Palestinians. If it moves forward, Hebron could become the first Palestinian‑led experiment in clan‑based self‑rule and economic partnership under the wider Abraham Accords umbrella. Read more at The Times of Israel.